코모도어 (Commodore) PET 컴퓨터 사용법, 1977년 ... 최초의 대중 대상 컴퓨터

코모도어 PET (Commodore PET)

. 1977 년 1월 출시
. 6502 
. 메모리 : 4 - 96 KB
. 40x25 , 80x25 텍스트 (그래픽 기능 없음)

 

코모도어 PET는 코모도어에서 1977년 1월 대중을 대상으로 출시한 최초의 개인용 컴퓨터입니다.

 

Commodore PET 위키

 

https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%94%EB%AA%A8%EB%8F%84%EC%96%B4_PET

코모도어 PET - 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전

 

 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_PET

Commodore PET - Wikipedia

 

1977년에는 애플 2, TRS-80도 출시되었습니다.

 

https://xcoolcat7.tistory.com/91228

애플2 컴퓨터 사용법 ... 프로그램 실행과 DOS 명령

 

크로아티아 자그레브 니콜라스 테슬라 박물관에서 실물을 봤습니다.

 

PET 2001 모델로 보입니다.

테이프가 왼쪽에 있네요. 삼성 SPC-1000, SPC-1500 에서는 오른쪽에 있어 뭔가 어색하게 느껴집니다.

 

자료를 찾아보면 상당히 많은 종류가 있으며 VICE 에뮬레이터에서도 지원되는 모델이 많습니다.

 

PET-2001-8N

PET 3008

PET 3016

PET 3032

PET 3032B

PET 4016

PET 4032

PET 4032B

PET 8032

PET 8096

PET 8296

SUPERPET

 

자그레브 게임 박물관에서 본 코모도어 PET 2001 입니다.

 

 

Commodore History Part 1- The PET

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eP9y_7it3ZM

 

 

특징

 

오늘날 말하는 의미의 그래픽 기능은 없습니다. 다만, 일부 특수 문자를 조합한 Pseudo Graphics이 가능합니다.

 

 

사용법 

 

BASIC 

 

코모도어 베이직이 내장되어 있습니다.

 

Commodore BASIC

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_BASIC

Commodore BASIC - Wikipedia

 

명령은 다음과 같습니다

(화면 삭제를 하려고 했는데 CLS가 안 먹히네요.)

 

https://www.valoroso.it/en/full-list-commodore-pet-basic-v4-0-commands/

Elenco completo comandi Basic V4.0 del Commodore PET - Amedeo Valoroso

 

코모도어 PET의 BASIC 명령은 꽤 많고, 일부는 생소하네요.

 

Instruction	Description	Type
ABS	Returns the absolute value of a number	Function, numerical
AND	Returns true if both conditions are true	Operator, logical
APPEND	Opens the file having the specified filename, and positions the pointer at the end of the file	Instruction/command
ASC	Returns the numerical value of a char	Function, numerical
ATN	Returns the arctangent of a number	Function, numerical
BACKUP	Copies an entire diskette to another on a dual drive system	Instruction/command
CATALOG	Displays the disk directory	Instruction/command
CHR$	Returns the character corresponding to the number	Function, string
CLOSE	Closes a file	Instruction/command
CLR	Deletes variables arrays, data, ...	Instruction/command
CMD	Changes the data output to other peripheral	Instruction/command
COLLECT	Checks and repairs the file system of a disk, frees inaccessible disk space	Instruction/command
CONCAT	Concatenates two data files	Instruction/command
CONT	Resumes execution of a BASIC program	Command
COPY	Copies files from one drive to another in a dual disk drive or within a single drive	Instruction/command

COS	Returns the cosine of an angle (rad)	Function, numerical
DATA	Stores constant information in the program code	Instruction/command
DCLOSE	Closes disk file	Instruction/command
Deff	Defines a user-defined function	Instruction
DIM	Allocates space in array memory for a new array	Instruction/command
DIRECTORY	Displays the contents of the disk directory on the screen	Instruction/command
DLOAD	Loads a BASIC program from disk	Instruction/command
BAPTISM	Opens a disk file for a read and/or write operation	Instruction/command
DS	Gets the numeric code from the current diskStatus_string	Reserved variable
DS$	Gets the most recent error/status code from a disk device	Reserved variable
DSAVE	Saves a BASIC program to a disk file	Instruction/command
END	Ends the processing of the current program	Instruction/command
EXP	"e" with the power given by the argument	Function, numerical
FN	Executes a function defined by DEF FN	Function, numerical, special
FOR	Program loop start (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command
FRE	Returns the number of unused bytes of BASIC RAM	Function, numerical, special

GET	Reads one or more chars from the keyboard	Instruction
GET#	Reads single characters from the specified device	Instruction/command, special
GO TO	Jumps to a line number	Instruction/command
GOSUB	Jumps to a subroutine … RETURN	Instruction/command
GOTO	Jumps to a line number	Instruction/command
HEADER	Formats a diskette	Instruction/command
IF	Tests a condition IF … THEN or IF … GOTO	Instruction/command
INPUT	Reads data from the keyboard	Instruction
INPUT#	Reads data from a file stored on peripheral device	Instruction
INT	Rounds a number	Function, numerical
LEFT$	Left chars of a string	Function, string
LEN	Returns the number of characters in a string	Function, numerical
LET	Assigns values in a variable	Instruction/command
LIST	Displays the BASIC program in memory	Instruction/command
LOAD	Loads a program	Instruction/command
LOG	Natural logarithm with the basis e	Function, numerical

MID$	Inner chars of a string	Function, string
NEW	Clears RAM and program	Instruction/command
NEXT	Program loop end (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command
NOT	Reverses true to false	Operator, logical
ON	Contruct ON … GOTO, ON … GOSUB	Instruction/command
OPEN	Opens a file or a channel	Instruction/command
OR	Returns true if one or both conditions are true	Operator, logical
PEEK	Returns the memory content	Function, numerical
POKE	Changes the content of any memory address	Instruction/command
POS	Determines the actual position of the cursor	Function, numerical, special
PRINT	Prints data to the current output device	Instruction/command
PRINT#	Stores data in a file	Instruction/command
READ	Reads constant values from DATA	Instruction
RECORD	Positions relative file pointers	Instruction/command
REM	Comments	Instruction/command
RENAME	Changes the name of a file on disk	Instruction/command

RESTORE	Clears the pointer of the next DATA value	Instruction/command
RETURN	Finishes a subroutine: GOSUB … RETURN	Instruction/command
RIGHT$	Right chars of a string	Function, string
RND	Generates a random floating point number	Function, numerical
RUN	Starts a program	Instruction/command
SAVE	Saves a program	Instruction/command
SCRATCH	Deletes a file from the disk directory	Instruction/command
SGN	Returns the sign of a number (-1, 0, 1)	Function, numerical
SIN	Returns the sine of an angle (rad)	Function, numerical
SPC(	Sets a number of spaces into a PRINT output	Function, string
SQR	Calculates square root of a number	Function, numerical
ST	Gets I/O status byte	Reserved variable
STEP	Program loop increment/decrement (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command, special
STOP	Breaks a program	Instruction/command
STR$	Converts numerical values or variables into a string	Function, string
SYS	Calls an assembly language subroutine	Instruction/command
TAB(	Sets the cursor column into a PRINT output	Function, string
TAN	Returns the tangent for a given angle (rad)	Function, numerical
THEN	Tests a condition IF … THEN (if true)	Instruction/command, special
OF	Gets the system time (seconds/60)	Reserved variable
Of $	Gets or Sets the system time (HHMMSS)	Reserved variable
TO	Program loop target (FOR … TO … STEP … NEXT)	Instruction/command, special
USR	Calls an assembly language subroutine with argument	Function, numerical/string
VAL	Returns the numerical value of a string	Function, numerical
VERIFY	Verifies a saved program	Instruction/command
WAIT	Waits for a memory location to assume specific values	Instruction/command
+	Sum	Operator, numerical/string
-	Subtraction	Operator, numerical
*	Multiplication	Operator, numerical
/	Division	Operator, numerical
^	Exponent	Operator, numerical
>	Greater	Operator, logical
=	Equal	Operator, logical
<	Less	Operator, logical

 

에뮬레이터

 

코모도어 제품을 지원하는 WinVICE 에서 PET도 지원합니다.

 

https://vice-emu.sourceforge.io/

VICE - the Versatile Commodore Emulator

 

xpet.exe를 실행하면 됩니다.

 

 

 

게임은 다음에서도 다운로드 할 수 있습니다.

명심해야하는건 코모도어 PET은 그래픽 기능이 없습니다. 텍스트를 기반으로 한 게임들입니다.

 

https://itch.io/search?q=commodore+PET

Download the latest indie games

 

File -> Autostart disk/tape image로 이미지를 선택하면 자동 실행됩니다.

(그런데 대부분 안되네요.)

 

 

확장자에 따라 실행 방법이 다릅니다.

1) PRG

PRG는 EXE와 같은 실행 파일로 생각하면 되고, 디스크 이미지 만들고 거기에 넣고 등등 방법이 있습니다만, 제일 간단한 방법은 탐색기로 PRG 파일을 드래그해서 xpet.exe로 실행하는 방법입니다.

 

그럼 자동으로 실행됩니다.

 

 

2) TAP

 

테이프 이미지입니다.

 

LOAD 명령을 누르면 'PRESS PLAY ON TAPE #1'가 출력됩니다.

테이프 플레이를 누릅니다. (File -> Datassette control -> Start)

프로그램을 찾으면 로딩됩니다.